The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (2024)

On this page

  1. What's inside our mouths?
  2. What goes on inside our mouths all day?
  3. How does a cavity develop?
  4. How can we help teeth win the tug of war and avoid a cavity?

Information for Parents of School-Age Children

You probably know that a dental cavity is a hole in a tooth. But did you know that a cavity is the result of the tooth decay process that happens over time? Did you know that you can interrupt and even reverse this process to avoid a cavity?

This web page explains how the tooth decay process starts and how it can be stopped or even reversed to keep your child from getting cavities.

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What's inside our mouths?

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (1)

Our mouths are full of bacteria. Hundreds of different types live on our teeth, gums, tongue and other places in our mouths. Some bacteria are helpful. But some can be harmful such as those that play a role in the tooth decay process.

Tooth decay is the result of an infection with certain types of bacteria that use sugars in food to make acids. Over time, these acids can make a cavity in the tooth.

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What goes on inside our mouths all day?

Throughout the day, a tug of war takes place inside our mouths.

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (2)

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (3)

On one team are dental plaque–sticky, colorless film of bacteria–plus foods and drinks that contain sugar or starch (such as milk, bread, cookies, candy, soda, juice, and many others). Whenever we eat or drink something that contains sugar or starch, the bacteria use them to produce acids. These acids begin to eat away at the tooth's hard outer surface, or enamel.

On the other team are the minerals in our saliva (such as calcium and phosphate) plus fluoride from toothpaste, water, and other sources. This team helps enamel repair itself by replacing minerals lost during an "acid attack."

Our teeth go through this natural process of losing minerals and regaining minerals all day long.

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How does a cavity develop?

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (4)

When a tooth is exposed to acid frequently -- for example, if you eat or drink often, especially foods or drinks containing sugar and starches -- the repeated cycles of acid attacks cause the enamel to continue to lose minerals. A white spot may appear where minerals have been lost. This is a sign of early decay.

Tooth decay can be stopped or reversed at this point. Enamel can repair itself by using minerals from saliva, and fluoride from toothpaste or other sources.

But if the tooth decay process continues, more minerals are lost. Over time, the enamel is weakened and destroyed, forming a cavity. A cavity is permanent damage that a dentist has to repair with a filling.

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How can we help teeth win the tug of war and avoid a cavity?

Use fluoride

Fluoride is a mineral that can prevent tooth decay from progressing. It can even reverse, or stop, early tooth decay.

Fluoride works to protect teeth. It . . .

  • prevents mineral loss in tooth enamel and replaces lost minerals
  • reduces the ability of bacteria to make acid

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (5)

You can get fluoride by:

  • Drinking fluoridated water from a community water supply; about 73percent of Americans served by a community water supply system receive fluoridated water. (If you have well water, see "Private Well Water and Fluoride" from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)
  • Brushing with a fluoride toothpaste

If the dentist thinks your child needs more fluoride, he or she may -

  • Apply a fluoride gel or varnish to tooth surfaces
  • Prescribe fluoride tablets
  • Recommend using a fluoride mouth rinse

About Bottled Water

Most bottled water does not contain enough fluoride to prevent tooth decay. If your child drinks only bottled water, talk with a dentist or doctor about whether your child needs additional fluoride in the form of a tablet, varnish, or gel.

Keep an eye on how often your child eats, as well as what she eats.

Your child's diet is important in preventing a cavity. Remember . . . every time we eat or drink something that contains sugar or starches, bacteria in our mouth use the sugar and starch to produce acids. These acids begin to eat away at the tooth's enamel.

Our saliva can help fight off this acid attack. But if we eat frequently throughout the day -- especially foods and drinks containing sugar and starches -- the repeated acid attacks will win the tug of war, causing the tooth to lose minerals and eventually develop a cavity.

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (6)

That's why it's important to keep an eye on how often your children eat as well as what they eat.

Tooth-friendly tips:

  • Limit between-meal snacks. This reduces the number of acid attacks on teeth and gives teeth a chance to repair themselves.
  • Save candy, cookies, soda, and other sugary drinks for special occasions.
  • Limit fruit juice. Follow the Daily Juice Recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics.
  • Make sure your child doesn't eat or drink anything with sugar in it after bedtime tooth brushing. Saliva flow decreases during sleep. Without enough saliva, teeth are less able to repair themselves after an acid attack.

Make sure your child brushes

Brushing with fluoride toothpaste two times each day is important for preventing cavities.

Be sure to supervise young children when they brush. Here’s what you should know:

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (7)

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (8)

  • For children aged 3 to 6, you put the toothpaste on the brush. Use only a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste. (In children under age 2, dental experts recommend that you do not use fluoride toothpaste unless a doctor or dentist tells you to.)
  • Encourage your child to spit out the toothpaste rather than swallow it. Children under 6 tend to swallow much of the toothpaste on their

    The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (9)

    brush. If children regularly consume higher-than-recommended amounts of fluoride during the teeth-forming years, their permanent teeth may develop white lines or flecks called dental fluorosis. Fluorosis is usually mild; in many cases, only a dental professional would notice it.
  • If your child is younger than 6, you will need to help your child brush. Young children cannot get their teeth clean by themselves. Try brushing your child’s teeth first, then let them finish.

Talk to a dentist about sealants

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (10)

Dental sealants are another good way to help avoid a cavity. Sealants are thin, plastic coatings painted onto the chewing surfaces of the back teeth, or molars. Here's why sealants are helpful: The chewing surfaces of back teeth are rough and uneven because they have small pits and grooves. Food and bacteria can get stuck in the pits and grooves and stay there a long time because toothbrush bristles can't easily brush them away. Sealants cover these surfaces and form a barrier that protects teeth and prevents food and bacteria from getting trapped there.

Since most cavities in children and adolescents develop in the molars (the back teeth), it's best to get these teeth sealed as soon as they come in:

  • The first permanent molars called - "6 year molars" - come in between the ages of 5 and 7.
  • The second permanent molars - "12 year molars" - come in when a child is between 11 and 14 years old.

Take your child to the dentist for regular check-ups

Visit a dentist regularly for cleanings and an examination. During the visit the dentist or hygienist will:

  • Remove dental plaque
  • Check for any areas of early tooth decay
  • Show you and your child how to thoroughly clean the teeth
  • Apply a fluoride gel or varnish, if necessary
  • Schedule your next regular check-up

NIDCR would like to thank Dr. Margherita Fontana, an expert in cariology at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry, for scientific review of this material.

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The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (2024)

FAQs

The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity? ›

If your cavity just started, a fluoride treatment may help restore your tooth's enamel and can sometimes reverse a cavity in the very early stages. Professional fluoride treatments contain more fluoride than the amount found in tap water, toothpaste and mouth rinses.

How do you reverse cavities and tooth decay? ›

Use fluoride

Fluoride is a mineral that can prevent tooth decay from progressing. It can even reverse, or stop, early tooth decay.

Is it possible to reverse tooth decay? ›

Can tooth decay be reversed? Yes, if it is caught early. Tooth decay is only reversible in the beginning stages when it has only affected the enamel or the hard outer protective coating of the tooth. Once tooth decay has progressed through the enamel into the softer, inner part of the tooth, it is irreversible.

How can I reverse cavities and tooth decay naturally? ›

Natural Remedies to Fight Cavities
  1. Oil of Oregano to Stop Decay. ...
  2. Establish a Healthy pH Level with Xylitol. ...
  3. Clove Oil for Pain Relief and Prevention. ...
  4. Neem Bark to Fight Infection. ...
  5. Green Tea as a Natural Fluoride Treatment. ...
  6. Keep Teeth Healthy with Licorice Root. ...
  7. Diet Changes to Reduce Bacteria.
Sep 3, 2019

How do you reverse the first stage of tooth decay? ›

Fortunately, the beginning stages of a cavity can be reversed by taking steps toward good oral hygiene. During early demineralization, exposure to fluoride, daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleanings can all help prevent — or even reverse — tooth decay.

Can coconut oil reverse cavities? ›

By reducing the number of bacteria in your mouth, oil pulling can prevent cavities. Once damage from tooth decay has already happened, the oil cannot reverse this damage. A tooth with a hole can only be repaired with a dental filling.

How do you fix tooth decay? ›

Fillings, also called restorations, are the main treatment option when decay has progressed beyond the earliest stage. Fillings are made of various materials, such as tooth-colored composite resins, porcelain or dental amalgam that is a combination of several materials.

How can I reverse tooth decay without going to the dentist? ›

Studies in the British Medical Journal suggest that a change in diet can actually reverse tooth decay. Easy adjustments can be made to your diet immediately like: Consuming more calcium rich foods (i.e. kale, collards, broccoli rabe and dairy) which can help strengthen your bones and teeth.

Do decayed teeth fall out? ›

Decay can deteriorate our teeth and over time if not treated, the teeth can become loose and even fall out. Decay damages teeth and can cause dental abscesses that can become serious if not treated. When you have plaque build up the plaque uses the sugars in the food you eat to create acids.

Can chewing gum reverse cavities? ›

It's true. In a 2-year study among children in Montreal, the kids who used xylitol chewing gum were found to have a significantly higher number of reversals of cavities than the kids who did not use it.

Can baking soda get rid of cavities? ›

How does baking soda get rid of cavities? Baking soda does help to some extent in treating cavities in the primary stage. Baking soda is alkaline, and it will neutralize mouth acids, thereby preventing further erosion. Baking soda will also help to remineralize the enamel layer and close micro gaps.

Can oil pulling heal gums? ›

Fortunately, oil pulling may be an effective remedy to improve gum health and reduce inflammation. It works primarily by decreasing the harmful bacteria and plaque in the mouth that contribute to gum disease, such as Streptococcus mutans.

What toothpaste reverses cavities? ›

A quick look at the best remineralizing toothpaste
  • Best anti-cavity remineralizing toothpaste: 3M Clinpro 5000.
  • Best remineralizing toothpaste for sensitive teeth: Sensodyne Pronamel.
  • Best overall remineralizing toothpaste: Crest Pro-Health Advanced.
Jun 21, 2022

How can I rebuild my tooth enamel? ›

4 Ways to Strengthen and Restore Tooth Enamel
  1. Practice good oral hygiene. It is always essential to practice good oral hygiene even if you do not see enamel erosion. ...
  2. Use fluoride treatment. ...
  3. Avoid harmful foods. ...
  4. Visit the dentist regularly.

How can I rebuild my tooth enamel naturally? ›

Try non-acidic foods: Certain foods are good for your enamel. Many types of fruits and vegetables, dairy products such as milk, and foods or drinks containing fluoride – notably spinach, grapes and black tea – will be useful to naturally restore enamel.

How does salt heal cavities? ›

Oral health professionals often recommend patients use saltwater when a wound or infection is present in the mouth. Saltwater can even destroy bacteria that leads to the formation of cavities. Swish with salt water as soon as you find out you have a cavity and it just might slow its expansion.

What is the best oil for tooth cavity? ›

Clove oil has been used often before the modern advances of dental methods to treat both the pain of a cavity and to restore enamel. The oil produces a numbing effect to combat pain and can help your tooth retain minerals.

How do you stop tooth decay from spreading? ›

Ask your dentist which tips are best for you.
  1. Brush with fluoride toothpaste after eating or drinking. ...
  2. Rinse your mouth. ...
  3. Visit your dentist regularly. ...
  4. Consider dental sealants. ...
  5. Drink some tap water. ...
  6. Avoid frequent snacking and sipping. ...
  7. Eat tooth-healthy foods. ...
  8. Consider fluoride treatments.
Mar 19, 2022

When is it too late to reverse a cavity? ›

In most cases, by the time you notice the symptoms of tooth decay, it will be too late to reverse the damage with natural methods. You will need to consult your dentist to prevent the damage from spreading to other areas of the tooth.

What does tooth decay smell like? ›

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas that smells like rotten eggs and is produced by the bacteria in decaying teeth.

Is it OK to leave tooth decay? ›

Cavities don't go away on their own, and if you don't treat them in time, they can spread to the entire surface of the tooth, and then to other teeth. Cavities tend to widen and deepen, making your teeth brittle and more prone to cracking or breaking.

Can a fully decayed tooth be saved? ›

Can a decayed tooth be saved? With the right dental professionals by your side, even severely decayed teeth can be restored. Whether you require dental crowns, fillings, or a combination of treatments, No Gaps Dental can help restore your smile and confidence.

At what age do your teeth start decaying? ›

Parents are often surprised to learn that tooth decay can begin as soon as a baby's teeth come in, usually by age six months. Decay in baby teeth can cause pain, and the infection can spread. If decay is not treated, it can destroy the baby teeth.

Can mouthwash repair cavities? ›

Fluoride mouth rinse or mouthwash contains fluoride, a mineral known to strengthen enamel and reduce tooth decay and cavities. Fluoride, besides protecting tooth enamel against acid attacks, also repairs the early stages of tooth decay.

What gum gets rid of cavities? ›

Xylitol Gum helps Fight Cavities

Most chewing gum can't claim to help clean your teeth, but gum sweetened with xylitol can.

Can any toothpaste repair cavities? ›

The best toothpaste for cavity repair is a product that contains fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral that can help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. In fact, fluoride may even help reverse cavities that are in their very early stages.

Does hydrogen peroxide stop cavities? ›

For some people this may seem a little odd, but washing your mouth out with a food-grade hydrogen peroxide is an excellent way to prevent cavities. Doing so will kill harmful bacteria that accumulates in your mouth much in the same way applying the anti-septic to a cut does.

Does swishing with hydrogen peroxide help cavities? ›

Mix two parts water with one part hydrogen peroxide. Gargle, swishing the solution all around the mouth. Tilt the head back and continue gargling for 30 seconds. Spit the solution out.

How does coconut oil get rid of cavities? ›

Coconut oil may help to attack harmful bacteria in the mouth that can cause bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease ( 4 , 6 ). It's particularly effective at killing an oral bacteria called Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is a leading cause of tooth decay.

Can you reverse deep gum pockets? ›

Periodontal pockets can be treated and reversed with good oral hygiene or with dental treatment. But when left untreated, periodontal pockets can lead to tooth loss.

How long does it take for coconut oil pulling to work? ›

Also, a recent study found that coconut oil may help prevent tooth decay. Start with just 5 minutes a day. Twenty minutes of swishing is a long time, and while the longer you pull, the more bacteria you'll remove, 5 or 10 minutes will still offer some benefit.

Does coconut oil pulling really work? ›

Oil pulling can reduce plaque and gingivitis

Coconut oil has similar benefits. Another 1-month study in 60 adolescents found that daily coconut oil pulling significantly reduced markers of gingivitis ( 1 ). Oil pulling with coconut oil may help reduce inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis.

What shrinks cavities? ›

When you intake fluoride, it replaces the minerals lost from tooth decay and reduces the bacteria's ability to make acid. Fluoride is found in most city water supplies, toothpaste, and mouthwashes. You can increase your fluoride amounts by taking supplements, using mouth rinses, or applying a fluoride gel to the teeth.

How long does it take to Remineralize teeth? ›

This process is something that takes place very quickly. In fact, even brushing too soon after eating something acidic can damage the demineralized surface of a tooth. Waiting at least 20 to 30 minutes to brush gives our bodies a chance to restore the enamel surface in a process called remineralization.

How do I know if my enamel is gone? ›

As the enamel continues to erode, your teeth might turn a gray or yellowish color. If your teeth change shape, it's a good indicator that you have enamel damage. Your teeth may begin to appear rounded, develop ridges, and often the gaps between teeth will become more substantial.

Why are my teeth going see through? ›

This is because teeth can become translucent due to the effects of enamel erosion, which is a slow, gradual process. As the enamel wears down and becomes thinner, it begins to lose its natural color. This allows the underlying dentin layer to show through.

How can I strengthen my teeth roots naturally? ›

15 Ways to Naturally Strengthen Teeth
  1. Oil Pulling. ...
  2. Don't Snack. ...
  3. Eat Mineral Rich Foods. ...
  4. Remove refined sugar from your diet. ...
  5. Remove grains from your diet. ...
  6. Clean your tongue. ...
  7. Eat foods high in fat soluble vitamins. ...
  8. Improve digestion for absorption.

What destroys tooth enamel over time? ›

Acids from foods and bacteria eat away at enamel causing erosion, the shrinking of tooth size, and cavities. This is the same for drinks like sodas, sweet teas, and wine. 2. Dentin, the hard, dense, bony tissue forming the bulk of a tooth beneath the enamel, is what makes enamel seem white.

How long does it take to restore tooth enamel? ›

The remineralization process usually takes about three to four months to take effect. However, once you begin to better fortify your enamel, you may start to see stronger teeth, experience less sensitivity, and even reveal a whiter smile.

What removes enamel from teeth? ›

One of the main causes of enamel erosion are acids found in the foods and liquids you consume. Saliva constantly neutralizes acid in your mouth to protect your teeth. But if you consume too much acidic food and drink, and don't properly brush your teeth, the outer layer of enamel will degrade over time.

How do you fix rotten teeth without going to the dentist? ›

It is usually recommended to increase the intake of mineral-rich meats and vegetables, bone broth and healthy fats. Diet rich in gelatin and magnesium may also help heal rotten teeth. Fish oil, olive oil and seafood are high in fat-soluble vitamins, so it is good to include these in your diet during tooth healing.

What are the 5 stages of tooth decay? ›

As dentists, we're trained to diagnose and treat all five stages of tooth decay:
  • Stage 1—Demineralization. ...
  • Stage 2—Enamel Decay. ...
  • Stage 3—Dentin Decay. ...
  • Stage 4—Pulp Damage. ...
  • Stage 5—Abscess. ...
  • How We Treat Tooth Decay.
Nov 17, 2022

When is a tooth too decayed to save? ›

If tooth decay has spread to the pulp (in the centre of the tooth, containing blood and nerves) – this may be removed in a process known as root canal treatment. If the tooth is so badly damaged that it can't be restored – it may need to be removed.

Can you Remineralize a cavity? ›

The formation of small dental cavities can be reversed by a process called remineralization, when the deposition of minerals is applied to damaged areas of a tooth.

What is the cheapest way to fix rotten teeth? ›

Dental Implants

A dental implant is the cheapest way to fix teeth after an injury, cavities, or rotten teeth. In addition, this method of tooth replacement is long-lasting. This is because your replaced tooth is on a strong foundation.

How can I remove rotten teeth at home? ›

As a result, there is no natural way to remove them at home. Only a dentist can fix a cavity by filling it in. That said, home care can prevent cavities. Food and bacteria buildup form a sticky film on the teeth's surface and along the gumline.

What do rotten teeth look like? ›

Teeth have a black/ dark spot

Dark spots on or over your teeth indicate that they are decaying. If you notice any discolouration, you should see a dentist as soon as possible. If left untreated, blackened teeth will cause decay to spread throughout a single tooth and may even spread to other teeth.

Why are my teeth rotting even though I brush? ›

Lack of a Nutritional Diet. Feeding the bacteria inside your mouth with their favorite foods will lead to multiplication, wreaking more havoc on your oral health. Bacteria feast off of sticky foods, which can stick to your teeth's surfaces and produce acid. Acidic pH can eventually deteriorate your teeth's enamel.

Is a decayed tooth dead? ›

A tooth is considered to be dead or “non-vital” if there is no longer any blood flow to it. This can happen as the result of tooth decay, or as the result of trauma to the tooth.

Why are my teeth decaying so fast? ›

It's due to eating a lot of sugars and starches and not cleaning your teeth well. When sugars and starches aren't cleaned off your teeth, bacteria quickly begin feeding on them and form plaque. Plaque that stays on your teeth can harden under or above your gum line into tartar (calculus).

Is it too late to stop tooth decay? ›

If your cavity hurts, it's not too late for a dentist to save your tooth. When cavities are small, they tend not to hurt too much, but they'll start to cause pain as they grow. That's usually when you notice them. With a visit to your dentist in Wilmington, we can often save your tooth!

How long can you leave a decaying tooth in your mouth? ›

A dead tooth can stay in your mouth for up to several days or months; however, keeping a dead tooth may lead to problems with your jaw and also result in the spreading of decay and bacteria to other teeth. Most dentists will recommend having the dead tooth extracted and replaced with a denture, bridge, or implant.

What vitamin is good for your teeth? ›

Adequate vitamin D and calcium make bones and teeth denser and far stronger, which helps prevent fractures and cracks. You can find vitamin D in eggs, fish and dairy products like cheese and fortified milk.

What mineral rebuilds teeth? ›

Phosphorus plays a critical role in dental health because it can naturally help protect and help rebuild tooth enamel. The best sources of phosphorus can be found in protein-rich foods like meat, poultry, fish, and eggs.

Can you reverse tooth decay without a filling? ›

Yes, tooth decay can be treated without fillings! Early decay is a reversible process. The key is to detect it in the early stages when this is still possible. It is helpful to think of this strategy as "medical vs surgical" treatment.

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